Migration of Intrauterine Devices: Radiologic Findings and Implications for Patient Care

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Hillary E. Boortz , Daniel J. A. Margolis, Nagesh Ragavendra, Maitraya K. Patel, Barbara M. Kadell

Radiographics

March 5, 2012

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a commonly used form of contraception worldwide. However, migration of the IUD from its normal position in the uterine fundus is a frequently encountered complication, varying from uterine expulsion to displacement into the endometrial canal to uterine perforation. Different sites of IUD translocation vary in terms of their clinical significance and subsequent management, and the urgency of communicating IUD migration to the clinician is likewise variable. Expulsion or intrauterine displacement of the IUD leads to decreased contraceptive efficacy and should be clearly communicated, since it warrants IUD replacement to prevent unplanned pregnancy. Embedment of the IUD into the myometrium can usually be managed in the outpatient clinical setting but occasionally requires hysteroscopic removal. Complete uterine perforation, in which the IUD is partially or completely within the peritoneal cavity, requires surgical management, and timely and direct communication with the clinician is essential in such cases.

Careful evaluation for intraabdominal complications is also important, since they may warrant urgent or emergent surgical intervention. The radiologist plays an important role in the diagnosis of IUD migration and should be familiar with its appearance at multiple imaging modalities.

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RadioGraphics

Diagnostic radiology journal of the Radiological Society of North America

First launched in 1981, RadioGraphics is our primary education journal. Each issue features 15-20 articles focused on a variety of radiologic subspecialties, including imaging physics, informatics, and diagnostic imaging. Plus, each issue includes continuing medical education opportunities to promote lifelong learning.